If i recall, the main trick is to make sure there aren’t any sharp corners or other places that are close enough together that arcing can occur. But there might be some additional stuff, like coatings and other design choices that are necessary to promote even and effective heating (otherwise the microwave will heat the bowl instead of the food since the radiation won’t pass through metal like it does with plastic, paper, or glass).
Eh, not totally. Some languages have phonemes that are completely absent in other languages, and some phonemes (especially vowels, though sometimes consonants, eg: “r”) are different enough that a transliteration can never do them justice. Although, I guess transliterating into the international phonetic alphabet would do the trick…